Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 5 de 5
Filter
1.
Rev. chil. nutr ; 47(1): 125-134, feb. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1092752

ABSTRACT

Actualmente los edulcorantes no nutritivos (ENN) son ampliamente usados para endulzar los alimentos en reemplazo de los azúcares simples, con la ventaja de no aportar energía. A pesar de que en general no presentan efectos tóxicos, los estudios epidemiológicos no han podido evidenciar que su uso contribuya a mejorar la pérdida de peso, sino por el contrario, han revelado que los ENN pueden inducir alteraciones metabólicas como intolerancia a la glucosa. Estudios in vivo e in vitro han mostrado que muchos ENN activan a receptores del sabor dulce no sólo en los botones gustativos, sino que también en los receptores presentes en tejidos como el adiposo y pancreático, interfiriendo con su función normal. Además, el consumo ENN se ha asociado a alteraciones de la composición de la microbiota intestinal que conducen a una respuesta inflamatoria de bajo grado. La nueva evidencia disponible sobre los ENN hace necesario evaluar el uso cada vez más intenso de los ENN en Chile. Debido a que el gusto exacerbado por el sabor dulce que cultivamos desde la infancia es un potente catalizador del uso de ENN, proponemos que una oportuna educación del sentido del gusto puede contribuir a mejorar las elecciones alimentarias.


Currently, non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) are widely used to sweeten foods instead of simple sugars, as they possess the advantage of not contributing to energy intake. Although they do not present toxic effects in general, epidemiological studies have not been able to show benefits when they are used in weight loss programs. However, they could induce metabolic alterations such as glucose intolerance. In vivo and in vitro studies have shown that many NNSs activate sweet taste receptors not only in the taste buds, but also in receptors present in adipose and pancreatic tissues, interfering with their normal function. In addition, NNS consumption has been associated with an alteration in the composition of the gut microbiota that leads to a low-grade inflammatory response. Due to the wide use of NNS in Chile, it is necessary to evaluate the potential health effects of using NNS in the Chilean population. We propose that a timely education of the sense of taste can contribute to moderating the preference for higher levels of sweet taste that humans develop in childhood, which could help to improve food choices.


Subject(s)
Humans , Glucose Intolerance/chemically induced , Non-Nutritive Sweeteners/adverse effects , Chile , Global Health , Diabetes Mellitus/chemically induced , Obesity
2.
Rio de Janeiro; s.n; 2019. 81 p. graf, ilus, tab.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1425293

ABSTRACT

No presente estudo, avaliamos o impacto da deficiência de vitamina D em camundongos fêmeas ovariectomizadas. A hipótese do nosso estudo é que a deficiência de vitamina D aumenta a inflamação no tecido adiposo e promove acúmulo de gordura hepática em modelo de menopausa. Camundongos C57BL/6 fêmeas, com três meses de idade, foram ovariectomizados ou não, e divididos em grupos controle (C, alimentado com dieta padrão), ovariectomizados (Ovx, alimentado com dieta padrão), controle sem vitamina D (C (D-), alimentado com dieta padrão sem vitamina D) e ovariectomizados sem vitamina D (Ovx (D-), alimentados com dieta padrão sem vitamina D) por doze semanas. Como resultados, no grupo Ovx (D-), houve resistência à insulina e intolerância à glicose, além do aumento da massa corporal. No fígado, houve aumento da esteatose hepática, com consequente aumento da lipogênese e inflamação, fatores que foram comprovados pelo aumento na expressão de genes e proteínas responsáveis pelo metabolismo lipídico. Além disso, houve redução da beta-oxidação de ácidos graxos. No tecido adiposo periovariano, a ovariectomia aumentou a área média dos adipócitos e a expressão proteica e gênica de citocinas pró-inflamatórias. Associado aos achados supracitados, houve aumento do metabolismo local da vitamina D, como forma de compensar a deficiência dessa vitamina. Em conclusão, os achados experimentais atuais são robustos e demonstram que a ovariectomia e a restrição dietética de vitamina D em camundongos têm efeitos adversos aditivos que levam a um aumento da massa corporal, da esteatose hepática e resistência à insulina. Esses achados estão ligados ao aumento dos marcadores de lipogênese e diminuição da beta-oxidação, predispondo ao acúmulo de gordura no fígado, assim como o aumento da inflamação no tecido adiposo periovariano.


In the present study, we have evaluated the impact of vitamin D deficiency in ovariectomized female mice. The hypothesis of our study is that vitamin D deficiency increases the inflammation in adipose tissue and promotes accumulation of hepatic fat in the menopause model. Female C57BL / 6 mice, three months old, were ovariectomized or not, and divided into control (C, fed control diet), ovariectomized (Ovx fed control diet), control without vitamin D (D-), fed control diet without vitamin D) and ovariectomized without vitamin D (Ovx (D-), fed control diet without vitamin D) for twelve weeks. As a result, in Ovx (D-) group there was insulin resistance and glucose intolerance, as well as an increase in body mass. In the liver, there was an increase in hepatic steatosis, with consequent increase in lipogenesis and inflammation due to the increase in the expression of genes and proteins of lipid metabolism. In addition, there was a reduction of beta-oxidation and reduction of fatty acid oxidation. In periovarian adipose tissue, ovariectomy increased the mean area of adipocytes and protein and gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Associated with the findings, there was increase in the local vitamin D metabolism, to compensate the deficiency of this vitamin. In conclusion, that current experimental findings are robust showing that ovariectomy and vitamin D dietary restriction in mice have additive adverse effects that lead to increased body mass, hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance. These findings are linked to increase of lipogenesis markers and decreased of beta-oxidation, predisposing to accumulation of fat in the liver, as well as increased inflammation in periovarian adipose tissue.


Subject(s)
Animals , Guinea Pigs , Mice , Vitamin D Deficiency/chemically induced , Menopause , Vitamin D , Insulin Resistance , Ovariectomy , Adipose Tissue/metabolism , Glucose Intolerance/chemically induced , Diet/methods , Fatty Liver/metabolism
3.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 48(12): 1101-1108, Dec. 2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-762919

ABSTRACT

We aimed to evaluate the effects of aerobic exercise training (4 days) and metformin exposure on acute glucose intolerance after dexamethasone treatment in rats. Forty-two adult male Wistar rats (8 weeks old) were divided randomly into four groups: sedentary control (SCT), sedentary dexamethasone-treated (SDX), training dexamethasone-treated (DPE), and dexamethasone and metformin treated group (DMT). Glucose tolerance tests and in situ liver perfusion were undertaken on fasting rats to obtain glucose profiles. The DPE group displayed a significant decrease in glucose values compared with the SDX group. Average glucose levels in the DPE group did not differ from those of the DMT group, so we suggest that exercise training corrects dexamethasone-induced glucose intolerance and improves glucose profiles in a similar manner to that observed with metformin. These data suggest that exercise may prevent the development of glucose intolerance induced by dexamethasone in rats to a similar magnitude to that observed after metformin treatment.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Glucose Intolerance/prevention & control , Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use , Metformin/therapeutic use , Physical Conditioning, Animal/physiology , Blood Glucose/analysis , Dexamethasone/pharmacology , Fasting/blood , Glucose Tolerance Test , Glucocorticoids/pharmacology , Glucose Intolerance/chemically induced , Glucose/analysis , Hyperglycemia/therapy , Liver/chemistry , Perfusion , Random Allocation , Rats, Wistar , Swimming
4.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 52(1): 55-64, fev. 2008. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-477435

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o metabolismo da glicose em pacientes acromegálicos antes e após o tratamento com octreotide LAR. PACIENTES E MÉTODOS: Este foi um estudo longitudinal e prospectivo com 30 pacientes do ambulatório de pesquisa em acromegalia do Serviço de Endocrinologia do Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (HUCFF/UFRJ). Eles foram submetidos à avaliação clínica e laboratorial com dosagens de hormônio do crescimento (GH), fator de crescimento semelhante à insulina tipo I (IGF-I), insulina, pró-insulina, peptídeo C, hemoglobina glicosilada (HbA1c), proteína de ligação do IGF tipo 1 (IGFBP-1) e a um teste oral de tolerância à glicose (TOTG), antes e após seis meses de tratamento com octreotide LAR. Foi aplicado o teste dos postos sinalizados de Wilcoxon e o critério de determinação de significância adotado foi o nível de 5 por cento. RESULTADOS: Encontraram-se 16 pacientes (54 por cento) com tolerância normal à glicose, sete (23 por cento) com intolerância à glicose e sete (23 por cento) com diabetes melito (DM). Doze pacientes completaram os seis meses de tratamento, sendo que houve piora da tolerância à glicose em três e piora do controle glicêmico dos dois pacientes diabéticos. Houve aumento da circunferência abdominal (p = 0,03) e queda do GH (p = 0,04), por cento IGF-I acima do limite superior do valor de referência ( por centoLSVR) (p = 0,001), insulina (p = 0,019), peptídeo C (p = 0,002) e do modelo de avaliação homeostática (HOMA-IR) (p = 0,039). CONCLUSÕES: Nesta série, o tratamento com octreotide LAR acarretou piora da tolerância à glicose em três pacientes não-diabéticos e piora do controle glicêmico em dois diabéticos, apesar da diminuição da resistência insulínica (RI).


AIM OF THE STUDY: To evaluate the glucose metabolism in acromegalic patients before and after treatment with octreotide LAR. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a prospective and longitudinal study involving 30 patients from the acromegaly research outpatient clinic of the Endocrinology unit of the HUCFF/UFRJ. They underwent clinical and laboratorial evaluations, with measurements of growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor type I (IGF-I), insulin, proinsulin, C peptide, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), IGF binding protein type 1 (IGFBP-1) and glucose, during oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), before and after six months of treatment with octreotide LAR. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used and values of 5 percent were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: We found 16 (54 percent) patients with normal glucose tolerance, 7 (23 percent) with impaired glucose tolerance and 7 (23 percent) diabetics. Twelve patients completed the six-month treatment, out of which three showed worsening of glucose tolerance and two (diabetics) had worse blood glucose control. Whereas there was an increase in waist circumference (p=0.03), there was a decrease in GH (p=0.04), with percentIGF-I above the upper limit of reference values ( percent ULRV) [p=0.001], insulin (p=0.019), C peptide levels (p=0.002) and homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR) [p=0.039]. CONCLUSIONS: In this series, treatment with octreotide LAR led to a worsening of glucose tolerance in three non-diabetic patients and worsened glycemic control in two diabetics, in spite of reducing insulin resistance.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Acromegaly/metabolism , Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/therapeutic use , Glucose Intolerance/diagnosis , Glucose/metabolism , Human Growth Hormone/blood , Octreotide/therapeutic use , Acromegaly/drug therapy , Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/adverse effects , Biomarkers/blood , Glucose Tolerance Test , Glucose Intolerance/chemically induced , Human Growth Hormone , Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/metabolism , Octreotide/adverse effects , Prospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Young Adult
5.
Salud pública Méx ; 48(3): 193-199, mayo-jun. 2006. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-430075

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Determinar la prevalencia de los efectos secundarios sobre el metabolismo de los lípidos y la glucosa provocados por la terapia antirretrovírica hiperactiva (TARHA), así como el impacto que el uso de los distintos esquemas de antirretrovíricos tiene sobre los lípidos y la glucosa en un grupo de pacientes de Yucatán, México.MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio transversal. A cada paciente se le aplicó un cuestionario creado para este estudio y se le determinaron los valores de colesterol total, triglicéridos y glucosa en ayuno. Se determinó la prevalencia de hiperlipidemia y alteraciones de la glucosa y su relación con las variables de la encuesta.RESULTADOS: Se estudiaron 211 pacientes, 36 (17%) mujeres y 175 (83%) hombres; 92 (44%) tuvieron hiperlipidemia. De éstos, 43 (20%) presentaron hipercolesterolemia (HC) y 82 (39%) hipertrigliceridemia (HT). La presencia de HC e HT combinadas se verificó en 30 (14%) pacientes; además, 19 (9%) pacientes exhibieron alteraciones en la glucosa, seis (3%) presentaron diabetes mellitus y 13 (6%), intolerancia a la glucosa. Las variables que se vincularon con la presencia de hiperlipidemia fueron los números de linfocitos CD4 >350 células/µl [RM= 2.79 (1.08-7.27), p= 0.03], el género masculino [RM= 3.6 (1.4-9.12), p= 0.006] y el uso de nucleósidos inhibidores de la transcriptasa inversa (NITI) [RM= 3.1 (1.2-8.1), p= 0.01].CONCLUSIONES: Los pacientes con la infección por el VIH que reciben terapia antirretroviral (TAR) tienen un riesgo aumentado de presentar dislipidemia. A diferencia de lo que informan la mayor parte las publicaciones, las alteraciones de los lípidos se asociaron con más frecuencia al uso de NITI, por lo que se concluye que la patogenia de estas alteraciones no es única y que resulta probable la existencia de un efecto sinérgico entre las distintas familias de fármacos antirretrovíricos y que otros factores del huésped participen en la génesis de estas alteraciones.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/adverse effects , Antiviral Agents/adverse effects , Glucose Intolerance/chemically induced , Glucose Intolerance/epidemiology , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Hyperlipidemias/chemically induced , Hyperlipidemias/epidemiology , Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Cross-Sectional Studies , Prevalence
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL